Type-justifier.



No. 844,555. PATENTEDFEB. '19, 1907. y

B. M DES JARDINS.

r TYPE JUSTIPIER. APPLICATION FILED JULY I 1895. RENEWED JUNE 5, 1906.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 844,555. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907. B. M. 05s JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTIFIER. APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1995. RENEWED JUNE 5, 1906.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 844,555. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907. B. M. DES JARDINS TYPE JUSTIFIER. v APPLICATION FILED JULYI, 1695. RENEWED JUNE 5, 190

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Mi'neases:

No. 844 555. PATENTED PER-19, 1907.

'B. M. DES JARDINS. TYPE JUSTIPIER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1895. RENEWEDJUNE 6, 1906.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PATENTED FEB.'19, 1907.

B. M. DES JARDINS.'

. TYPE JUSTIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1895. RENEWED JUNE 6, 1906,

9 sums-suns: 5.

PATENTED P313519, 190?.

' B. M/DES JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTIPIER,

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 1, 1895. nmmwn n mm: 5, 1906.

' B. M. DES JARDINS.

TYPE JUSTIFIER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1, 1895. RENEWED JUNE 5, 1906.-

PATENTED FEB. 19, 190.7.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

UNITED sTA rns PATENT 'OEEIOE.

BENJAMIN M.

MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, NEW JERSEY.

DES JARDINS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY

TO THE UNITYPE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF TYPE-JUSTIFIER.

Flo 844,555.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Fish. s, 1on7.

To all whom it may concern)- Be it known that I, BENJAMIN M. DES iIAR- or by utilizing a still larger number of spaces equal in aggregate widthto the shortage and mm, a c1tizen of the United States, residing adapted to be combined in subgroups toat Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented anew and useful Type-Justifier, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My-invention relates to justifying mechamsm.

W The particular embodiment of the invention,hereinafter described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, is a machine for justifying assembled lines of type. The basic principles of my justifying mechanism may, however, be utilized in connection with other forms of composing-machines, such as linotype and matrix-making machines, and

it is to be understood that I desire protection for" the invention commensurate with its utility. 1

In the following specification I shall term the difference between the amount of matter in an unjustified line and the required length of the line or column measure the shortage of the line. The places between words in which justifying-spaces are to be inserted I shall term intervals, the number of inter vals ina line being of course one less than the number of Words. The final quads or pieces used to separate the words in the justified lines will be termed ustifying-spaces. The shortage of the line divided by the number of intervals will give the average width linotypin'g,

'tient of-the shortage ofintervals, by utilizing a group of-sp'aces of two ormore different values equal inaggregate width to the shortageequal in number to the intervals in, the line,

of the justifying-spaces, and this average width I shall term a normal? space in contradistinction to'the justifying-spaces, which may, in some instances,.-be partly less and partly greater in width than the normal. The term -type as used herein will be understood to include matrices such as are used in as Well as ordinary printers type.

My invention contemplates justifying lines of type or composition by applying to the line justifying-spaces of sufficient aggregate value to fill the line to the contemplated length or column measure without affecting the space occupied in the line by the type or characters. This may be done by util zing normal justifying-spaces equal to the quodivided' by the number of the line and form justifying-spaces. In either case a device is necessary which will represent the number of, intervals andwhich will distrib plied to the justification of lines of type or matrices includes any device for automatically and mechanically combining the shortage and the number of intervals of a line to compute in advance or predetermine the ,tify the line.-

erally in justifying justifying spaces formed in the machine, 'as by casting or cutl'his device is applicable genmechanism, whether. the

cated in any other manner; but the machine illustrated and described herein employs what are known as ready-made spacesthat is, justifying-spaces of various sizes made in advance, fromwhich the spaces re; quired to justify different lines are selected.

In justifying composed lines of type it is impossibleto provide in advance the number of different sizes which would be required to justify every line with normal spaces. instead amagazine provided with a limited number of spacesdllfering from each other by fixed amounts which for convenience I shall term units. It will be evident that any line maybe justified by a combination of spaces comprising not more than two sizes justification is not absolutely correct; but in practice it always comes within a half-unit of the column measure, and the units may be made sufficiently small to effect practically. perfect justification by the use of a' suflicient number of space values. In practice six to twelve sizes of spaces will be found sufiioient, depending upon the kind of matter under treatment. l

As'above stated, it usually requires two ute the shortage either equally or unequallygoverned by theline to be justified. My invention as. ap-

widths of justifying-spaces required to jusdetermined thereby are differing from each other by a unit. Such ting off space-timber or are supplied or indisizes of spaces to justify a line; The selecting device may be set to select the larger size-first and at theproper time shifted to select the next smaller size, or it may be shifted from the smaller size to the larger size. I provide a pontroller toeffect this shifting, and I set the controller for the spacing of each line by what I shall term"remainder devices-that is, devices which measure and I spaces.

are controlled by the portion of the shortage which would remain f the line were spaced with the largest size of justifying-spaces which could be inserted uniformly throughout. For example, if'agiven line had iive intervals and twenty-three units of shortage the largest size of spacewhich could be uniformly inserted wou d be the four-unit space.

Five tour-unit spaces would ag regate twenty units andthe remainder wou d equal three units. The function of the remainder 'devices is to measureor gage the remaining three units, and these devices include acontroller, which is 'set automatically to 'eflect .the distribution of'the three units equally in three of the intervals, the justification of the line being therefore accomplished by insert ,gage for each possible number of intervals which may occur in a line-that is, there is a gage for a line having four. intervals, anothergage for a line having five intervals, 8pc. "lhesegages have ten operative edges, which in the construction illustrated are stepped.

, The depths of the steps depend u on the number of different'sizes of spaces wit which the machine is provided. It will be understood that the gages are both inclined and.

. stepped, 'the general incline formed by the successive steps depending upon the number of-intervals in the line which the gage is adapted to justify and the depth of the steps depending upon the number of sizes of spaces fromwhich selection is to be made.

In the machine illustrated the gage for each line is selected by the operator afterhe notices the number of intervals in the line! The line is then measured mechanically, and. the element representing the shortage of the 1 line is brought into contact with the selected gage. This action serves to locate the size or sizes of spaces necessary to justifytheline.

If there be no remainder, a single size -will- I {an abutment or stop to limit the successive i novements to tlie'left of the type-column as serve to justify the line. If there be a remainder it will be indicated and represented" by a proportionate amount of looseness or,

play betweenthe aforesaid element and the gage. A remainder-gage, which is shown in the form of a wedge or. incline, is brought into action to measure the remainder and to set the controller, which determines the number of each size of space to use.

Other features of the invention will be pointed out in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of my machine.

showing additional details. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same, but showing the parts in a different position; Fig. 4, a right side elevation of said machine Fig. 5, a left side elevation, a part of the frame'being cut; away;

Fig. 6, a vertical section taken behind said channels looking. toward the rear or pivotal points of the arms from the line D, Fig. '5;

Fig. 7, a vertical section taken behind thespace-chahnels looking toward the front of the machine from the line D, Fig. 5-, but showing the parts in a different position of the gage-plates; Fig. 7, a sectional view taken on Fig. 7 'on line E of Fig. 7 looking downward, Fig. 8, an enlarged detail view showingthe relation between the line-gage 12Qand the gagevplates 111, &c.-; Fig. 9, an enlarged detail view showing the mechanism adjoining'the line channel; Fig. 10, a detail lookinglin the direction of the arrow 10, Fig. 8, showing the gage-plates 111 &c., and the gage projection or contact-piece 112. Figs.

Fig. 2 is a partial front elevation 11 to 13,-inclusive, are diagrams illustrating the geometrical construction or lay-out of the gagerplates; and Fig. 14 shows the relation 0 one of" said plates to the piles of spaces which it represents and is typical of the relation existing between the other plates and their corres onding spaces.

Similar letters an figures of reference designate like parts in the drawings and specification.

200, the miscellaneous members by 200 and upward, the differenceaneasurin'gelements by 3,00;"&c.; the members comprising the primary -space-dislodging devices 400,

&c., and the members comprising the mechanism for handling the spaces while they are bein transferred from the reservoir to th .i e..y 0', 1 v for unjustified lines of type The galley' a is: located at the front lower part of the ma Qhj113' t0 theright, and the left. end ofsaid alley terminates in the line-channel 1'21. lhe left;wal-l 201 of theohannel 121'forms itis actuated line by line. The wall is The frame is designated by'A, and the '7 primary measuring elements or gages by 111' The parts closely of the rule 200. The channel 121 extends upward to the top of the galley b, said gal ley being located above and to the left of the galley a and designed to receive the typelines after they are justified. The left wall at the upper end of the channel 121 is formed by the removable rule 233, which fits into 'a suitable groove in the lower side of an extension of the galley b and has the latch 234 to hold it in place at the top. After a line of type has'been justified the rule 233 is withdrawn from its present position and inserted at the right of said line for the purpose of moving the same into the galley b. The L pawl 202 is pivoted at 202*, to that portion of the frame A which is back of the channel 121 and extends across said channel at the base of the galley b to support the part or parts of the line that have had the spacesinserted between the words. The upright body of the pawl 202 is located behind the path of the rule 200, while the upper end extends forward into the channel 121. Said upper end is channeled to mesh into corresponding slots and notches in. the wall 201 and the lower edge of the right extension of the galley b, Figs. 9 and 10. Said pawl is provided with the downwardly-extending lever 202 extending through. an opening in the frame. The longitudinally-movable rod 203 supports the line-gage projection or block. 120,

which extends forward into the channel 121, Figs. 1 and 8.

The bearings of said red are in the frame A, and it is adapted to be moved up and down, according to the various lengths of lines to be measured. Said rod is also adapted to rotate sufficiently to throw the block 120, which is rigidly fastened to it, into the channel 121 and over the type-line for the. measurement of the latter, then off from said line and to one side of said channel while the words composing this line are being transferred to the upper part of the channel. The arm 224 is pivoted to the frame A at 22-6, and'its free front end is adapted to swing from one side to the'other of the space-channels 123. arm 224, also pivoted at 226, said arms beirig connected to each other in such a man ed with reference to their measuring dimen-- sions across their respective shoulders orsteps to represent :all probable amounts of line shortages, each 0 said plates representing a difierentlmmber of intervals and the steps This arm is supplemented by the I standing for numerically equal piles of different sizes of spaces. These gage-plates are illustrated in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 of the drawings, where they appear in a reversed position to that actually maintained when in the machine, said position being more convenient for comparison between said plates and the space-piles which they represent, as further illustrated in Fig. 14. The function of these gage-plates may be regarded as that. of inserting, a substitute space ile into the, line shortage, or it may be regar ed as changing the 0 en space into which the required line ,shou d fit to a temporary opening into which the particular line being measure would fit if it were possible to accurately justify it by the same size of spaces throughout. The operative-face of each plate is on ageneral incline, as well as stepped, the angle of the incline depending upon the number .of spaces in the line which the gage is adapted to justify and the width and depth of the steps upon the number of the sizes ofvspaces provided in the machine.

y The longitudinallymovable line gaging rod 203 is mounted behind the frame A, back of the channel 121, and is provided with the handle 206, with which to adjust said rod. Figs. 4 and 5. The linegage block 120, which is aflixed to the rod 203 when in position on top of the incomplete type-line in the line-channel 121, locates the height of said rod. The rod 203 is provided with the rearweirdly-extending intermediate loose projection 232, having the sleeve 232. The sleeve 232 of the rojection 232 is held in position relative to the rod 203, which passes through the same, by means of the collar 232 rigid v attached to said rod below said sleeve, and the pin 232, extending from the rod above. Hence the longitudinal motion of the latter is imparted to said sleeve. The arrangement of parts just described provides for a rotary -motion of the rod 203 independent of the sleeve 232 for the pur ose, of bringing the block 120 into or out o the channel 121, as already referred to; but the vertical movement of said rod in either direction carries said sleeve with it, as when the latter 'is lowered to bring said block against the type-line, said sleeve causing the projection 232 to move down with said gage to accurately register the height of said line. i

The projection 232 supports the parallelogram bars 119 and 119 by means of the short bar 113, centrally pivoted to said projection, the bases of said bars 11.9 and 119 be mg pivoted at 124 and 124*, respectively, to opposite ends of said bar 113. The gage projection 112 hereinafter termed the conr to tact-piece, has its cross-piece or T 1 12 piv- I oted to the up. er ends of the bars 119 and 119""at 126 and 126% The bar 119 is provided with the integral arc-shaped lever 117, which'has the releasingdever 142 pivoted upon said .arched lever at 142. The pawl 118, which is pivoted to an arm 118 ,carried by the projection 232, has its downwardly:

projecting beak adaptedto enter or register with the nicks l22 adjoining the scale 122 on the lever-or are 117 'lhe nicks 122 are proportioned or spaced to correspond to the .depths of the plates 111, &c., and since the .ing :tojthe nick-so eng parts are timed with .referenceto said depths and tothe distances between said nicks and the pivots 124 and 126f--when the pawl 118 engages any 'one ofsaid nicks in the are 117 the.contactfipiecev 1-12 is brought into line with theplate 1 11 or 111i, &c., correspondaged. The lever 142.is adapted'to lift .-the.pawl 1 18- out of the'nioks 122" whenpressed against the handle: 117},

of the-111a es 111 :withQwhich the arc llZis provided, thereby leavingsaid are free {toinovenon thepi-vot -1 24-.' for thepurpose. above mentione(l-.-viz., :to .leeataithe contact+piece 1 12 opposite one on another of the plates 111, &c. 1

y 1 1 1,.&c., isselected with-reference to the ,numbenof spaces requiredbya given line, the. plate 111 in .the

. machine illustraieds-be'ing constructed: to

gage a linez-shortage-which-is .to be'divided into four parts, as shown in Fig. 11; plate 1 11 togage a line shortage which is to be divided -imo five parts, as shownin Fig. 13;

, late lll to gage aline' shortage which is to e=dividedinto seven parts, as shown in Fig.

-12,-and' so on through the seriesof plates.

In IIigs.:11-to '13 the stepped-lines represent the successive steps of the gages, and the vertical dotted-lines represent the gage projection 112. 1 Each-oi": the gage-steps is madeto accurately-represent, piles ofeach" size of spacesin the different .channels 123, the successive gages representing piles of four, five,

' six, &c., ot spaces. In-li'ig. -14 the relation of the gage 11:1 'to-the spaces is shown, the successive stepsof :thegage-representing piles of .firve of the successive sizesof spaces, 'as illustrated. illustration in Figs 14 applies also to theother' gages; exeept that the suc- .cessi-ve stepsiwould represent "piles of four,

's1 x-i;seven,&c.-,spaces of-diffcrentsi'zes. The

pawl 118, according to the numberof spaces wthei-linea-requires. The .eontactrpiece 112 swingsback-and forth ina' slot-:in-the guideblockf'125', fast to the frame-A, and-is thereby kept rigid against, the 1 longitudinal move-.

ment of said plates. 'L'he measurement takemby the type-line gage 120-is reproduced orduphcated by the contact-piece 112,: and- "the position and construction -ofthese two parts are such 'thatwhena fulLline of type is insertedunder saidigfi ge .andthe pawl 1.1 8 :is

. s'et:in the nick or? graduation 4 ofthe are 1 17 .said contextapiece register's with the; refer:

ence-line 1;.12l5on the plate 11 1",. In the-draw' ing, hig-LS, the"; plate 1111-- has. its shoulders 1 21 92 8 inealm ei e te wa so t s 12:2arelocated with reference to the if the contact-piece112 should be moved plate 111 to pass over it this would indicate that the line has only room enough to receive four of the thinnest spaces, and so on, an

being needed to make the line a full one. The drawing shows in Fig. 7 the contactpiece 112 under the ninth shoulder of the plate 111 indicating .that'six of the ninth size of spaces are nearly enough to fill the line. [As already stated, the COIlIlGOtBdflIIIlS 224 and 224*, the former supporting the space-plunger409 and the latter the plates 111, &c., move simultaneously. Said arms are held sensitively in position relative to each otherbymeans of the spring 420. The arm 224'is capable of being forced a short dis 224; and against the spring 420. The distances from the contact-piece. 112 to the difdistances between the plunger-blade 409 when held in its normal position by the spring the gage-plates 111 111, &c. Consequently when the arm 2245518 intercepted in its motion to the left inFigs. 1 and 2, and right in Figs. 3-and 4 by the contact between one of the shoulders of one of said plates and said conta'ct-piecejsaid blade is .brought into line with the space-channel 123, which contains tom space therein. The. stop -rib, 408' is affixed to the front ofwthe reservoir 123, at.-a suitable dist'ance-firom the ibottomsthereot'. to prevent more than one spacei'rom being dis stop-rib isinclined, asshown' in Fig. 8, to provide openings thereunder of different depths for the different-sizes of-spaces. Thearm voir tothef line, is also mounted on .the'pivot and 224, and provided with; a slide-beari'n is operated back and forth andthe arm 227 1is downward only enough for the left end of the ferent space-channels 123 are equal to the.

.420 and the various corresponding steps. 1n,

the particular sizeof spaces represented by 1 .above.

.turbed' by' -the blade-409- at a time. This amount equal to the distance from that part l of the plate 111 to the reference-line 112 tanee to the right away from the tension-arm 8 lateral .T-groove for the rece tion of the nel 123 for the purpose of dislod'gingithe bot- 227, which carries'the-spacesfrom-the-lreseror stud.226, independent/ ot the, arms 224 '12 5 for" the-block "421. ,Besides thev U-shape catch 422 the knurledhandle 41,7is attachedtojthe-block 421 ,by means ofwhichthelatter awung- The an 2 27: entends;,-thrqugh= :an

, opening in theframe A to the front of the the same as the machine beyond thereservoir-ehannels 123. The space reservoirs or channels 123 are provided with the rack 416, having teeth respecforming a part of the arm 224. v The spring-' actuated hanging part 307, Fig. 2, is pivoted to the support 324 below the pawl 414 and has the stop 306 on its free end adapted to be raised. into the path of the arm 227 and adjust the same by checking it opposite the reservoir-channel 123, containing the required spaces, when.said'arm is swung to the right.

The platform 410 is a projection from the front end 'of'the space-carrying arm 227 and has the space-receiving box-like opening or receiver 521. The block, which follows bebind the space as the latter is transferred from a position in front of its reservoir to the assigned place in the line-channel 121, is called the space-pusher'509 and forms a rigid part of the transferring-arm 227. The space-pusher 509 isprovided with the over-' reaching gate 500, hinged at 510 to the bottom space-support 538. The space-sup )ort 538 and the gate 500 are adapted to slic e to the right and left with reference to the pusher 509, the former being fastened beneath the latter by means of the shouldered screws 522, and said su port and gate are normally pressed in the irection of the line-channel 121 -by the resiliency of the spring 514, interposed between the enlarged; left end of the bolt 51.5 and a suitable lug of the platform 410. The belt 515 extends to the left from a depending car on the support 538. The gate 500 has the projecting pin 501 for engagement with the cam-plate 520, which is rigid with the frame of the reservoir-channels 123. The arrangement of the plate 520 relative to the pin 50]. is such as to cause the latter to ride onto the former at theproper time and elevate the left end of the gate 500, thereby making a passage-way for the transfer of a space from the receiver 521fypri'or to introducing said space into the line-channel 121. The right wall of the channel 121 has the opening 412 in its upper part for the passage of the s ace being acted upon. 1

I wil now describe the remainder devices.

The vertical post 300 has a travel suflicient in length to traverse the amount of difference between piles of succeeding sizes-of spaces.

Said post is provided with the, proj e,et on or roller 310 and the gage projection; 338,

Figs. 1, 2, and 8. The horizontal rod 303' slides in the bearings 301 and, 301 and has the tapering remainder-gage 304 connected thereto in such a manner that sald rod can be rotated without affecting said gage; but

the latter must travel with the former longitudinally. The gage projection 338 extends under the type-line and is employed, after said line has been measured by one of the gage-plates 111, &c., to ascertain the largest slzeot spaces applicable thereto without 'making the same too long for the width of the column, which may be termed the quotient size. At the proper time the tapering gage or wedge 304 is thrust to the left under the roller 3'10 until the post 300 is raised sufficiently to take up whatever looseness remains in the line.

The rod 303 is provided with the ratchetteeth 326-, which are engaged by the springactuated pawl 320, pivoted to the lever 202l? of the swinging L-pawl 202, and by means of said swinging pawl and teeth said rod is intermittently moved to the right, Fig. 9.

The angle of inclination in the wedge 304 is v such that the amount of incline or vertical measurement between two points separated lengthwise by a distance equal to that bedifference between two successive sizes of spaces, or what I have termed a space unit. The right-hand terminal of the wedge 304 is capable of abutting the lug 316 on the front of the flat spring 315 at the top, Figs. 2 and 7. The spring 315 is. fastencd to the frame A and hooks over the tweentwo of the teeth 326 .is equal to the spur 318 on the upwardly-sprin tensioned post 317. The spring 319 encirc es the vertical post 317 between its lower'bearing and a pin projecting from said post, and thelatter is caused by said spring to move upward when released from the hooked end of the spring 315. The post 317 has the T projection 309 at the top, said projection being cut away in its upper part to form the incline 310. The upward movement of the post 317 causes the T projection 309 to strike the intercepting roller 308 on the step 306 and raise the latter.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

The column of loose unjustified type, prefer-.-

ably without any spaces between the words,

is first placed in the lower right-hand galley a, the lines being leaded to prevent the uni} confined uneven ends from becomingmixe'd'; The usual spring-tensloned .bloc being.-

placed behind or at the right of the column in the galley a, said column is ressed to the left against thelimitingwal 201 and the lead-,at the end adjoining saidfwall with-'- drawn by hand. Glaneng over 'the faeexof the type before ln'm, the operator counts the places for spaces in the first line-and by manipulatingthe handle 1'17 and raising the lever 142, both being grasped together, v

I I, swings the are 117 until the nick 122 corresponding with the result of his count, as

indicated by the scale 122, is under thequrred in the line now in the channel 121.-

By manipulating the handle 206 the operator rotates the rod 203 sufficiently to swing the gage-block- 120 within the channel 121 and above the end of the liner Then by a downward pressure on the handle 206 the gage 120 is brought onto the top of the line,

clamping it firmly between said age and the gage projection 338. Since t e contactpiece 11-2 is connected with the gage-block 120, said projection is located by the. last operation at a height corresponding to the length of the line to register the amount of the shortage. Next in orderthe operator moves the arm 224 tothe right, at the same time holding pawl 413 out of engagement with the ratchet,416,"Figs. land 6, until one ofthe stepsor shoulders on the gage-plate 111, &c., comes in contact with the contactpiece 112., The pawl .413 is then engaged with one of the ratchet-teeth 416 in accordance with therelative position of the arm 224 to whichsaid pawl is pivoted, as deter mined bythe plate 111, &c., and-the contactpiece 112, the engaged tooth 416 correspondto the intercepting shoulder. The pawl in 41% serves to hold the arm 224 in position after the projection 112 is withdrawn and during the operation of spacing the line. The gage-plate and the engaged tooth 416 also correspond, as already stated, to the space-channel 123, which they represent or esignate, an interdependence or correlation, as it were, existing between these three mem bers. As already intimated, the plunger mechanism is heldaway fromthe right su port 324 of the arm 224 -by means of t e. spring 420, which normally keeps said mech-, ani'sm continually to the left in line with the channel 123, containing the size of spaces 7 selected bythe said gage-plate. The spaceplunger mechanism, located as justdescribed, ,is in pos tion for commencing the'operation of inserting spaces of the required size be tween the words in the channel 121.

7 ,While the several mechanisms are located as hereinbefore explained, and inasmuch as the probabilities are that there is a slight re' mainder or looseness vertically between the top of the, gage projection or'contact-piece on the block 421.

til the teeth 326 are turned away from the )awl 320, and pulls said rod to the left, thereby causing the gage projection 338 under theline and the gage-block 120 above the same to be'raised with said line between and also the connecting parts,including said oontactpiece until said looseness has beentaken;

the latter.- The machine -is now in readiness This result is obtained by the ;w edgteeth 326 under the pawl 320, the former being brought intoposition to be engaged by forthe actual work of inserting the selected spaces into the type-line, and this is acc om-:

plished in the followingdescribed manner:

With his hand on the handle 417 the operator swings the arm 227 to the right and engages the space-plungerpin 423 with the catch 422 hard to the right to overcome the resiliency of the spring 420 the space-plunger arm 224 and the platform 41.0 of the transferring device-are swung to the right until the arm 227 By pressing'thehandle 417 is brou 'ht into contact with the support 324 of the locating-arm 224. The s ace-plunger 409 is now in position behind t e channel 123, which contains the next larger size. of

spaces than would be required were onlyone size to be used. By drawing the handle 41 7 forward the plunger 409 is given a forward' longitudinal movement and the; space in front of it is thrust out of the channel 123 and into the receiver 521. Upon thecom'pletion of this movement the operator ushes the handle 417 backward again and t en carries it to the left to actuate thespace re'ceiving device in the same direction toward' 'the'line channel 121. When approaching the channel 12 1, the space-support 538 is brought into, contact with the rightwall of'said chanhelf and is intercepted its travel, and the gate 7 500 is given an upward movement/by means of the cam-plate 520-. Since the gate 500 ispivoted to the bottom support 538, it is'also' intercepted with the latter. .-Thespacepusher 509 continues'initsmovement to the left until the abutting space is thrust beyond the right wall of the-channel 121 and against the upper end of the pawl 202, which is] pressed backward from the'channel 121. By

reason of the continued ressure on the handle 417 the space is hel suspended between the pusher 509 and the pawl 202, remaining in-that condition until the operator with his-1 left hand manipulates the rule 200, so a'sto I ralse the next word vin the line above said 5 pawl. As said word rises in the channel 121 itencounters the suspended space and carries the same into-the upper part of said channeladjacent to the galley 6, upon which the justified lines are'received and arranged in column formation. a

As win he clearly aim, the movement to the left of the pawl 202 produces a corresponding movement to the right ofthe pawl 320, which causes the rod 303 of the difference device to return to 'the right one tooth at a time until its initial position is reached. The movements described above continue as the worclsare successively transferred from the lower part of the line-channel 121 to the upper end thereof, and upon the transfer of each word the difference device and the rod 303 are forced to the right one tooth to the word. U on the displacement-of as many words as t ere are space differences in the remainder, being the amount displaced by the wedge 304, the right end of said wedge comes in contact with the lug 316, causing the spring 315 to release the spur 318 and allow the post 317 to move upward'under the influence of the s ring 319, carrying with it the stop 306 against the weaker spring of-the.

part 307, bet-ween the arm 227 and the sup port 324. After these latter movements have taken lace and the arm 227 and the support 324 ave been'prevented from coming together on account of the intervention of the stop 306 the operator is no longer able to force t e plunger-arm 224 against .the ac- 1 tion of the spring 420 ,-'as before, in order to bring the plun er 409 opposite the channel 123, from "whic the first spaces were taken but the front end of said plunger is now located adjacent to the next channel at the left, and by the longitudinal movements of this displacing -member the succeeding smaller size of spaces are ushedfrom said last-mentioned channel. ihe operation of inserting the smaller size ofs ace intothe line continues until therequire number has been reached and said line 18 accurately justi had, when the operator transfers it into the 'viously referred to.

galley b by manipulatin the rule 233,.pre{ When'jthe arm 224%,

with the gage-plate sill 111, &c'.,"are re turnedlto theirnormal positions at the left;

the-roller 308 encounters the incline'31'0 and depresses the T proj ection 309 andthe springactuated post 317 ,until ,the spur 318 is en: ga ,ed by the hooked end of the spring 31 5.

- t will be evident thatvarious ehangesin details of construction and relative arrangement of parts may-be made without departing. from. the inventionq ,It' will be evident also that the broaderlfeatures of the inven-y tion may be employedvnot oniy in machines for justifying composed lines t e'o'r the like,r but in line-justifying mech nismfof,

otherclasses, and thebroader' claims are not a to' be'confiil'ed. to inechanismfor-"justifving such composed lines', althoughthe mec anism showrris,-fi-n fact, :es eci'ailyadapted; for.

lines'are to be justified for printing'or theproduction of printing-surfaces The word type is used hereinto include not only or dinary type, but also matrices and the like'of any suitable material.

\lVhile the broader claims herein are intended to include and cover constructions in 1 which a gage or gageshaving an incline for dividing the line shortage by the number of intervals are used, I do not herein claim, specifically, justifying devices or gages having an incline or inclined gaging-surfaces, as

- by said devices for determining the widths of;

ing the number of intervals in a line, devices for measuring theline, and means controlled the justifyingespaces.

2. A mechamsmfor justifying a composed line of type, comprising devices for registering the number of intervals in a line, devices for measuring the line, means controlled byboth said devices for determining the widths of the justifying-spaces, and means for inserting saidspaces.

3. In a mechanism for ustlfylng a-composed line of type, a line-measuringdevice in combination with a gage constructedte predetermine by its operative surface the w1dths of the spaces required to ustlfy different lines.

4.- Ina justifying mechanism, aline-measuri ng device, in combination with a justifying- Y :Jgage, said device and gage pperatmg to de termine bv'their relative ad ustment the ustifying-jspa'ces for all possible lines.

. 5. In justifying'niechanism, a justifyinggage, in combination with means for measuring the shortage of aline and applying-said- -measurement to said, gage to predetermine i the justifying-spaces for the line.

6. lln'a justifying mechanism, a gage having an'operativesurfaceccnstructed to correspond tothe-different numbers of intervals inlinesfof print, a device for measuring'a line,':and means for bringing said device and gage into operative relation to determine the justifying-spaces for the-line.

n a mechanism for justifying lines of type, a stepped justifying-gage, in combination with means for measuring the shortage of a. line of type and applying said measurement tothe gage to determine the justifyingspaces for the line. a s I 8 1 In a justifying mechanism, a gage hav- -ing'an operative surface constructed to correspond tothe differentnumbers of intervals in lines of print, in combination with means for ad usting the gage fora line, and means for I measuring the line and applying said measurement to the ad usted gage to determine the justifying-spacesfor the'line. I

9. In a justifying mechanism, a series of stepped j ustifying-gages. corresponding to the different number of intervals in lines of print,

in, combination with means for selecting the proper gage for a hue, and means for measurdetermine and select justifying-spaces of two combination consecutive sizes to justify a line.

11. In a mechanism adapted to ustify lines of characters with justifying-spaces of two consecutivesizes, means. controlled by the shortage and the number of intervals, for automatically selecting the proper sizes of spaces and the relative numbers thereof.

12. In ,a ty e-justifying mechanism, the Ia justifying-gage, means for measuring the shortage of a line of type and applying said measurement to said gage to determine'the two consecutive sizes of justifying-spaces for the line, and a difference device adapted to determine the relative number of spaces of each sizerequired for justification.

13. In a mechanism adapted to justify lines of characters'with justifying-spaces of two consecutive sizes, means for selecting the two requiredsizes of spaces from a limit ed number of sizes, means for'determining the number of spaces of each size to be used, and means for automatically shifting the space-selecting .mechanism when a sufficient number of the spaces of the first size have been selected. a

14. In mechanism for justifying lines of characters with spaces of two consecutive sizes, means for predetermining the sizes of the spaces, and devices adapted to be set for selecting word-spaces of one size, 'in combi nation with mechanism for resetting said devices,if necessary, during the justification of a line to effect the selection of word-spaces of the next consecutive size.

15. In mechanism for justifying lines of characters Withspaces of two consecutive sizes, a space-determining device adapted to be set for Word-spaces of one size, in combination with difference devices constructed to reset said space-determining device during the justification of a line to effect the selection of spaces of the next consecutive size.

16. In a justifying-machine, a controller for timing amovement, comprising a mov able. part adapted to be set back in propor-, tion to the "time which is to elapse before;

said part.

causing said movement, and means for imparting a regulated forward movement to 17. In a justifying-machine, a controller.

for timing a movement, comprising a part adapted to be set back, and means for im-v parting a step-by-step forward movement to saidpart. i

18. In a justifying-machine, a controller for timing a movement, comprising a toothed part'adapted to be set backward, and means for imparting a step-by-step forward move ment to said part, the required timedmovement taking place when the'forward movement of said partequals its backward movement. i v

19. In a justifying-mechanisin, the combination with a magazine provided with a lim-,

ited number of .sizes of spaces, of means for selecting spaces of two consecutive sizes to.

justify a line, and a controller for effecting.

the change from one size to another comprising a part adapted to be setbackward, and means for imparting a partial forward movement to said part each time a word-space of the first size is selected.

20. In a machine for justifying c mposed lines of type'with spaces of two consecutive sizes, the combination of means, controlled by the shortage and the number of intervals,

for automaticallvselectin the )IO er sizes of spaces, and a controller adapted to be set back before justifying the-line and to control by its forward, movement during the justification the relative numbers of the two sizes of spaces required.

21. In a mechanism forjustifying composed lines of type with s )a'ces of two consecutive sizes, .the con'ibination of a justifying-gage, means for measuring the shortage of a line and applying said neasuremcnt to said gage to determine the justifying-spaces for the line, and a controller arranged to automatically govern the relative numbers of the two sizes of spaces selected for the line.

too

22. In a type-justifying mechanism, the

combination of means for measuring the shortage of an unjustified line of type, means adapted to be set in accordance with the number of intervals in the line, and a difference device including a controller whichis adapted to be setback and to have a forward movement during the operation of justifying the line, whereby the number of each size of justifying-spaces in the line is determined.

1 23. In a mechanism for justifying com, posed lines of type, a justifying-gage, in combination with means for measuring the shortage of the unjustified line, means for applying said measurement to said gage to determine the justifying-spaces, and means for'inf erting saidspacesin the line. h; 24. In 'a' justifying-machinehaving alimited number of sizes of jii stifyingspaces, a s seip d m n ng the r s sizeetsp es 26. Ina justifying mechanism, a gage have ing a plurality of series of steps, the steps of sive sizes of justifying-spaces, each pile haveach seriescorresponding to piles of succesing the samenumber of spaces, and the differentseries ofsteps corresponding to piles hav- 1 ing difierent numbers of the several sizes of spaces.

' 27. In atype-justifying machine, the

combination of a space-Inagazine provided with several successive sizes of spaces, a gag" having a pluralityof series of steps corresponding to piles of said spaces containing various num ers and sizes, and means for utilizing the gage to select justifying-spaces for lines of type. v

@28. The combination, in v a type-justifier,

' of line-measuring devices, and a plurality of gages corresponding with different numbers of intervals in type-lines, with mechanism for bringing the aplpropriate gage into operative relation wit the line-measuring devices.

29. The combination, in a typeustifier,

of a plurality of gages corresponding in number with the different numbers of intervals in type-lines, said igages being constructed to represent piles o successive sizes containing successive numbers of spaces, with mechanism for trying said gages into a space e uivalent to the line shortage until one is ound which most accurately fits it.

The combinatiomin a type-'justifier,

"of a plurality of stepped gage-plates, each of said plates representing piles of different numbers and each step thereon different sizes of spaces, with mechanism for selecting one of said plates and tryin the same into a space'equal to the line s ortage until that. one of its steps is foundwhich most nearly fills said shortage, for the purpose set forth.

3]. In a type-justifier, in combination, a line-gage adapted to rest upon an unjustified type-line and indicate the lengthof said line at a' point remote therefrom, a series of gages representing different piles of defi'erent sizes of spaces and means to bring a connection of said line gage-into operative relation with saidlast-mentioned gages, for the purpose set forth. l

32. In a typejustifier, in combination, a line-gage arranged to rest upon an unjustified type-line, a member connected with said gage and adapted to indicate the length of said line at a point remote therefrom, and a series of gages representing different'piles of for the purpose set forth.

different sizes of spaces. capable of being brought into contiguity with said member, for the purpose set forth.

33. In a type-justifier, in combination, a longitudinally-movable rod carrying a linegage adapted to extend across the line-channel, an intermediate gageconnected to said rod, a series of stepped gage-plates representing the probable amounts of line shortages and numbers of'spaces necessary'for typelmes, and means for ad usting sa1d mterme diate gage to the gage-plate representing the number of spaces required in a given line,

34. In a type-justifier, mcombination, a

resenting different numbers of spaces, a projection operatively connected with .said' block and extending into the path of said plates, parallelogram bars adapted to swing said projection into alinement with the required plate, and means for looking said projection in. position, for the'purpose set forth.

35; In a type-justifier, in combination, an intermediate ga e adapted to traverse a distance equal to t e line shortage, adjustable gages arranged to represent different numbers and sizes of spaces, and the spaceplunger mechanism designed to move s chronously with said adjustable gages,-for the purpose set forth.

36. In a type-justifier, in combination, a series of movable gage-plates representing different line shortages, a space-plunger.

' plurality of space-reservoirs arranged side by side, a spacelunger blade transversely adjustable relative to said/reservoirs, an indeendently-mounted, movable, space-receivmg platform, and means for reciprocating the atter between said reservo rs and the line-channel, forthe purpose set forth.

, 39. In a typejustifier, in combination, a plurality of space-reservoirs arranged side b line-measuring gage-block, gage-plates rep- Y side, a space-plunger blade transversely arfjustable relative to said reservoirs, and an.

independently-mounted, movable, s ace-receiving platform, for the purpose set orth.

40. In a type-justifier, in combination, a plurality of spaee-reservoirs', a space-plunger 1 blad e'adju'stable relativeto-any one of said reservoirs, a-space-receiving device arranged toremprocate bet-ween'a pos tion adjacent to said b ads and the l1ne=channel,.-and'meeh:

. anism adapted to transfer a space from said.- 5 receiving devlce lnto said line-channel, for] the purlpose set forth.

'41. l type-justifier, consisting of a space-sup .ort,

a space-pusher, and a movable guard a aptl o ed tobe opened as said device'approaches the .1ine-clrannel, as specified.

J 4 2. In a type-justiiier, in combination, a

pawl operating across the line-channel,

space-plunger, yieldingly separated from 5 said first-mentioned arm by a distance equal to that between t-wo succeeding space-reservoirs, but capable of being pressed against the same, and'a stop adapted to be 1ntro-.

duced into the action between saidarms to 3 positively maintain said distance between them, forthe purpose set forth.

44. In a type-justifier, in combination, a

, primary measuring device and a ,diil'erencemeasuring device adapted to engage op osite ends of a type-line, said di'li'erence (evice provided with ratchet-teeth, a member ca-' pable of being actuated by the introduction of each spaceinto said line, and a pawl at- I tached to said'member, registering with said 4 teeth, forthepurpose set forth.

45. The difference-measuring device, in a type-justifier, consisting of a post carryinga gage projection adapted to en age. one endof a type-line, a rod provided with awedge capa- 5 -ble of moving said post, and means for intera mittently actuating said rod, dependent upon the introduction of spaces into said line, as

specified. I

46. Ina type-justi iier, in combination with the primary measuring device, a post carrying a gage projection adapted to engage one end of a type-line, a rod provided w th a gage capable of moving said post,'and means for intermittently; actuating said rod, de} 5 5 pendent upon the introduction of spaces into said line, for the purpose set forth. 47. In a type-justifier, in combination, a post carrying a gage projection adapted'to engageonecnd of a type-line, a toothed rod provide" with a wedge capable of moving said post, a pawl. extending into the linechannel, arranged toswing each time aspaoe .isi'ntroduced'into said hue, and a second pawl dependent upon the first for its action,

6 15 register ng with the teeth on said rod and ini re space-transferring device, in. "a

termittently actuating the same, for the pur pose set forth.

48.- In a type-justifier, in combination, a

toothed rod provided with a wedge, a springactuateepest, aho'oked member adapted to I hold said pest against the resiliency of its spring, and a pawl arranged to actuate said rod and wedge against said member, thereby releasing said post' tor the purpose set forth. 49. In a type-justifier, in combination, a

. remainder-measuring device providedwith ratchet-teeth, a pawl adapted to engage said teeth and return said device to its normal posit ion,- and a tripping device actuated by the retu'fii of said-remainder device, whereby the mechanism changes from one size of spaces to the next, for the purpose set forth.

50. In a type iustifier, In combinatlon, a

mechanism for said plunger, a stop, means for holding said stop from between said mechanism and plunger, a remainder device, and other means for mtrcducmg said stop be-' tween. said first-ment1oned parts upon the return of said device, to its normal position, for the purpose set forth.

51. Ina type-justifying mechanism, the combinationwith means for nteasuring a line, of a counting-rack, and a pawl arranged to lock said rack inposition to indicate the number of intervals in the line.

, 52. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combinatlon' wlth means for measurlng a line, of a counting-rack, a'pawl arranged to hold said rack in position to indicate the number of=1ntervals 1n the hue, and means to hold said pawl out of engagement with the rack during its ad ustment.

laterally-adjustable space-plunger, locating In a type-justifying mechanism, in

combination with means for measuring a line, a justifying-gage, a contact-piece, and

means for adjusting'said contact-piece in accordance with the length of the unjustified line, and the number of intervals therein.

54. In a type-justifying mechanism in combination *with means for measuring a line, an adjustable justifyingcontactiece, a word-counting rack, and means for ockmg said rack in position corresponding to any number of lntervals 1n the line.

55. In a type-justify 1g mechanism, the';

combination 0 counting-rack connected to one of said bars for adjusting said stop, and a and for lock ing said rack in'any'desi'red adjustment.

56.- In a type-justifying mechanism, the

adjusting said-bars in accordance with the n m er of ntervals in th naen 9 j tify,

ing-gage cooperating with saidstop. I] i 5 In a yp -1' e fy s echa sm. a l1nenea'suringgagewhich isa j teb ihthe di- "a pair of pivoted parallel bars a justifying-stop carried by said bars, a

ee ends of said rection of the line-channel and movable latv erally to said channel to permit the line to pass after it is measured, incombination with means controlled by said gage for selecting justifying-spaces.

58. In a type-justifying mechanism, a rod movable longitudinally and'about its axis,

in combination with a line-,nw-asuring gage attached to said rod, a line-channel adjacent to said rod, an abutment against which. the I line is-measured, and means controlled by combinationtwith means for determining the.

. for relatively adjusting sai sertingsaid spaces therein.

gage for selecting justifying spaces. v

59. In a type justifying mechanism, the combination with a longitudinally-movable rod, of 'a line-gage carried bysaid rod, and a, stop, such as thepart 1 12 also carried by said rod, said stop having an independent lateralmovement in accordance with the number of intervals in the line. a n v 60. In-a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a series of gages, ofastop such as 112 cooperating with said gagesto select the proper spaces to justify ,lines of type, a line-measuring gage connected. to said stop and movable in accordance with the shortage of the lines, and a counting device also connected with said stop and movable in accordance with the number of word-intervals in the line, for the urpose set forth.n

61. In a typejust'- 'ng mechanism, the

widths of justifying-spacesand a space mags azine, of means for ejecting s aces and means magazine and ejecting means to select the spaces. a

62. Ina type-justifying-mechanism,the

combination with a type-magazine having channels for successive sizes of justifying-- spaces, a-plungerfor e ecting spaces, and a.

guard in front of the magazine having a straight lower edge inclinedto the bottom of said magazine, said guard being arranged to permit the lowest space of each channel-t0. pass and to retain the second and higher spaces. I

63. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a space-magazine, means for selecting justifying-spaces and a plunger for ejecting spaces from the magazine, of a line-channel, adevice for carrying ejected. spaces-from the magazine to said channel,

and means for parting a line of type and inmechanism, the combination with a space-magazine, of justifying-space-selecting devices, a receiver in front of said magazine into which the spaces are' ejected from the, magazine, and means i 64. In a type-justifying for moving said receiver laterally to carry saidspaces into the line under justification.

.65. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a magazine for justifyingspaces, of justifying-space-selecting devices, an a.rm.movable laterally, a space-ejecting 6.5 plunger carried by said arm in the rear oi the j combination with a words are separated for the insertion of t1- fying-space's, with .a pawl adapted toenter means 'for' inserting justifyin tween the words in said channe and a awl arranged to normally enter said channe and magazine, and a'space-receiver in front of the magazine, said receiverjbeing also movable laterall to carr y the s ace to the line.

66.. Iii atype-justiiyin g mechanism, the combination .with a space-magazine having channels'for several sizes of spaces,.of a pivotedarm in the rear of said magazme, means for adjusting said arm to select justifying- I said channel and support the spaced portion of the line.

69. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with. an up er galley for justified matter,v a lower ga ley for unjustified matter and a channel connectingsaidgalleys, ol means for separating the words in a line. 841d moving them through said channel, 9

-spaces besupport the spaced portion of a line.

70. In a type justifying'mechamsm, the combination Withfa space-magazine having, channels for several sizes of spaces, of an ejecting-plunger, a rack, serving as an index 'to'correctly locate theplunger o posite the.

proper space-magazine and hol ing means cooperating with the rack. 71. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a space-magazine havingchamiels for several sizes of spaces, of a s ace-ejecting plunger movable laterally to tne magazine, and a rack and pawl for looking said plunger in position opposite the proper channel of a magazine. 72. In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a space-magazine having 'a series of channels for several sizes of spaces,

of a rack having its teeth corresponding to the channels of the magazine, a plunger for ejecting spaces from the magazine, and means for locating said lunger opposite the proper channel and 100 'ng 1t in such position by means of said rack.

73. .In a type-justifying mechanism, the combination with a magazine having channels for several sizes of spaces, 'of a plungermovablelaterally to said magazine, of a part limiting the. lateral movement of said plunr whereby spaces of a certain size are seectcd and an interponent, such as the part 306, adapted to be interposed to stop the IlO 

